A recurring fragment, theme or pattern that appears in a work of art. In the past this was commonly associated with Islamic designs, but it also alludes to a theme or symbol that returns time and again, like the noose and the cigarette in the paintings of American figurative painter Philip Guston, or a pattern, like the abstract drawings of the mid-twentieth-century abstract painter Victor Pasmore. The video artist Bill Viola often uses the motif of water to represent birth and death, as exemplified in his multi-video installation Five Angels for the Millennium. Motif can also refer to the subject of the artwork. The phrase 'to paint from the motif' arose in the context of Impressionism, meaning to paint on the spot.